Olunye ulwazi malunga nejenereyitha yemoto kunye nebhetri

Iingxaki zokutshaja ibhetri yemoto zinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo, emva kokuqonda ezi zinto, uya kuba nokuqonda ngokubanzi ukuveliswa kwamandla emoto, ukutshaja ibhetri kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

1. Injini iqhuba ijenereyitha ukwenza umbane

Injini yemoto ayisetyenziswanga kuphela ukuqhuba isithuthi, kodwa kwakhona ukunika amandla iinkqubo ezininzi kwimoto. I-crankshaft ye-injini ineziphelo ezimbini, enye incam idityaniswe ne-flywheel, efuna ukudityaniswa ne-gearbox ukuqhuba isithuthi. Esinye isiphelo siphuma nge-crankshaft pulley ukuqhuba ezinye izixhobo zokuncedisa. Umzekelo, i-crankshaft pulley kulo mzobo ungasentla iqhuba ijenereyitha, icompressor, impompo yokulawula amandla, impompo yamanzi okupholisa kunye nezinye iindawo ngebhanti ukunika amandla kubo. Lilonke nje injini isebenza, ijenereyitha inokuvelisa umbane kwaye itshaje ibhetri.

2. Ijeneretha yemoto inokulungelelanisa ukuveliswa kwamandla

Sonke siyazi ukuba umgaqo wejeneretha kukuba i-coil inqumla umgca wokungeniswa kwamagnetic ukuvelisa okwangoku, kwaye ngokukhawuleza isantya sekhoyili, inkulu ngoku kunye ne-voltage. Kwaye isantya se-injini ukusuka kwisantya esingasebenziyo samakhulu aliqela ukuya kumawaka aliqela e-rpm, i-span sikhulu kakhulu, ngoko kukho isixhobo esilawulayo kwijeneretha ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-voltage ezinzileyo inokukhutshwa ngezantya ezahlukeneyo, eyi-voltage regulator. Akukho umazibuthe osisigxina kwijenereyitha yemoto. Kuxhomekeke kwikhoyili ukuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic. I-rotor ye-generator yi-coil eyenza i-magnetic field. Xa i-generator isebenza, ibhetri iya kuqala ifake umbane kwi-coil ye-rotor (ebizwa ngokuba yi-excitation current) ukuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic, kwaye ke xa i-rotor ijikeleza, iya kuvelisa intsimi yamagnetic ejikelezayo kwaye ivelise umbane we-induction kwi-coil ye-stator. Xa isantya se-injini sinyuka kwaye i-voltage inyuka, i-voltage regulator ikhupha i-rotor yangoku, ukuze i-rotor magnetic field iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye i-voltage ayivuki.

3. Iimoto zisebenzisa amafutha kunye nombane

Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba i-jeneretha yemoto isebenza kunye ne-injini, ngoko ihlala ivelisa umbane, ngoko ke akufuneki ukuyisebenzisela ilize. Enyanisweni, le ngcamango ayilunganga. Ijenereyitha yemoto iyajikeleza kunye ne-injini ngalo lonke ixesha, kodwa ukuveliswa kwamandla kunokulungiswa. Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuncinci, i-generator iya kuvelisa amandla amancinci. Ngeli xesha, ukuchasana okusebenzayo kwejeneretha kuncinci kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kuphantsi. Xa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, i-generator kufuneka ikhulise ukuveliswa kwamandla. Ngeli xesha, i-coil magnetic field iyomelezwa, imveliso yangoku iyanda, kwaye ukuchasana okujikelezayo kwe-injini kuyanda. Ewe, iya kusebenzisa amafutha amaninzi. Owona mzekelo ulula kukukhanyisa izibane xa ungenzi nto. Ngokusisiseko, isantya senjini siya kutshintsha kancinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukukhanyisa izibane zangaphambili kuya kwandisa amandla ombane, okuya kwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla ejenereyitha, okuya kwandisa umthwalo we-injini, ukuze isantya siguquguquke.

4. Umbane osuka kwijenereyitha usetyenziswa ekusebenzeni kwemoto

Abantu abaninzi banombuzo: ngaba amandla asetyenziswa yimoto ephuma kwibhetri okanye kwijeneretha? Enyanisweni, impendulo ilula kakhulu. Logama nje inkqubo yombane yesithuthi sakho ingatshintshwanga, amandla ejenereyitha asetyenziswa ekusebenzeni kwemoto. Ngenxa yokuba amandla ombane ophumayo wejenereyitha aphezulu kakhulu kunombane webhetri, ezinye izixhobo zombane ezisemotweni kunye nebhetri zezomthwalo. Ibhetri ayikwazi ukukhupha nokuba ifuna ukukhupha. Nokuba ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, ilingana nenkulu Inamandla nje. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inkqubo yokulawula i-generator yezinye iimoto ihambela phambili, kwaye iya kugweba ukuba amandla e-generator okanye ibhetri isetyenziswe ngokwemeko. Umzekelo, xa ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo, ijenereyitha iya kuyeka ukusebenza kwaye isebenzise amandla ebhetri, anokonga amafutha. Xa amandla ebhetri esihla ukuya kwinqanaba elithile okanye ibrake okanye isiqhoboshi se-injini sifakiwe, ijenereyitha iyaqaliswa ukutshaja ibhetri.

5. Umbane webhetri

Iimoto zasekhaya ziyinkqubo yombane eyi-12V. Ibhetri yi-12V, kodwa i-voltage yemveliso yejeneretha imalunga ne-14.5V. Ngokomgangatho wesizwe, umbane ophumayo we-12V generator kufuneka ube yi-14.5V ± 0.25V. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-generator kufuneka ihlawule ibhetri, ngoko ke i-voltage kufuneka ibe phezulu. Ukuba i-voltage yemveliso ye-generator yi-12V, ibhetri ayinakuhlawuliswa. Ke ngoko, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukulinganisa amandla ombane ebhetri kwi-14.5V ± 0.25V xa isithuthi sisebenza ngesantya esingasebenziyo. Ukuba i-voltage iphantsi, kuthetha ukuba ukusebenza kwejeneretha kuya kuncipha kwaye ibhetri inokubandezeleka ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kwamandla. Ukuba iphezulu kakhulu, inokutshisa izixhobo zombane. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuqala, amandla ombane ebhetri yemoto akufunekanga abe ngaphantsi kwe-12.5V kwindawo yokuvutha. Ukuba i-voltage ingaphantsi kweli xabiso, kunokukhokelela kubunzima ekuqaliseni. Ngeli xesha, kuthetha ukuba ibhetri ayonelanga kwaye kufuneka ihlawulwe ngexesha. Ukuba i-voltage isehluleka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno emva kokutshaja, oko kuthetha ukuba ibhetri ayisasebenzi.

6. Ingaba imoto inokubaleka ixesha elingakanani ukuzalisa ibhetri

Andicingi ukuba esi sihloko sinokubaluleka okusebenzayo, kuba ibhetri yemoto ayifuni ukuhlawulwa ngokupheleleyo nangaliphi na ixesha, nje ukuba ayichaphazeli ukukhutshwa kokuqala kunye nokukhutshwa ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngenxa yokuba imoto isebenzisa kuphela amandla ebhetri ngexesha lokuqalisa injini, iya kuhlawuliswa ngalo lonke ixesha ngelixa uqhuba, kwaye amandla asetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lokuqalisa anokuzaliswa ngemizuzu emihlanu, kwaye enye ifunyenwe. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ungaqhubeli umgama omfutshane kuphela imizuzu embalwa yonke imihla, awudingi ukuba nexhala malunga nokunganeliseki kwebhetri. Ngokwam amava, nje ukuba ibhetri ayichithwanga, akukho nto iya kwenzeka Ingxaki engenakusombululwa ngokuyibamba isiqingatha seyure. Kakade ke, akunakwenzeka ukufumana idatha echanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-generator yemoto i-idling, i-output current yi-10a, kunye nomthamo webhetri ngu-60 A. ukuba i-charging current yangoku yi-6a, ixesha lokutshaja ngu-60 / 6 * 1.2 = iiyure eziyi-12. Ukuphindaphinda nge-1.2 kukuqwalasela ukuba ibhetri yokutshaja okwangoku ayinakulungiswa kunye nokutshintsha kombane. Kodwa le ndlela kuphela isiphumo esinzima.